Data

Charts

64 interactive charts on Bangladesh — hover for exact values, and reuse any of them freely under CC BY 4.0.

EconomyBar

As the state's share of health spending shrank, households paid more

Out-of-pocket share of current health expenditure (%, bars) and government health spending (% of GDP, line), 2000–2023

Source: WHO Global Health Expenditure Database, via World Bank WDI In: A state that collects 7% of GDP in tax cannot pay for health — and Bangladeshi families are covering the bill

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EconomyHorizontal bar

Bangladesh collects 7.6% of GDP in tax, less than most of South Asia

Central government tax revenue, % of GDP, latest year available (year in brackets)

Source: IMF Government Finance Statistics, via World Bank WDI In: A state that collects 7% of GDP in tax cannot pay for health — and Bangladeshi families are covering the bill

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HealthBar

Bangladesh has doubled its doctors per person since 2010, but still has fewer than one per 1,000 people

Physicians and hospital beds per 1,000 people, 2010 and 2023

Source: WHO and OECD workforce statistics In: Bangladesh has 0.72 doctors per 1,000 people — double 2010's level, but still fewer than one per 1,000

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EnergyHorizontal bar

Bangladesh uses about half as much electricity per person as India

Electric power consumption, kWh per person, 2024

Source: IEA Energy Statistics, via World Bank WDI In: Bangladesh uses 632 kWh of electricity per person, about half of India's and under a quarter of Viet Nam's

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EconomyBar

Bangladesh's government spends 0.31% of GDP on health, the least in South Asia after Afghanistan

Domestic general government health expenditure, % of GDP, 2023

Source: WHO Global Health Expenditure Database, via World Bank WDI In: A state that collects 7% of GDP in tax cannot pay for health — and Bangladeshi families are covering the bill

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HealthHorizontal bar

Bangladesh's government spends less per person on health than every South Asian neighbour but Afghanistan

Government health expenditure per person, US$, 2023 (Maldives, at $915, not shown)

Source: WHO Global Health Expenditure Database, via World Bank WDI In: Bangladesh's government spends about $8 a person on health — so households pay 79% of the bill

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HealthBar

Government health spending in Bangladesh has slipped to under 0.4% of GDP, about $8 a person

Government health expenditure: US$ per person (bars) and % of GDP (line), 2000–2023

Source: WHO Global Health Expenditure Database, via World Bank WDI In: Bangladesh's government spends about $8 a person on health — so households pay 79% of the bill

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HealthBar

Households now pay 79% of Bangladesh's health bill as the government and donors both retreat

Share of current health expenditure by source, %, 2000 and 2023

Source: WHO Global Health Expenditure Database, via World Bank WDI In: Bangladesh's government spends about $8 a person on health — so households pay 79% of the bill

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HealthArea

Safely managed sanitation has tripled since 2000, but still reaches only 37%

People using safely managed sanitation services, % of population, Bangladesh, 2000–2024 (modelled estimates)

Source: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme In: Only 37% of people in Bangladesh use safely managed sanitation

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Social JusticeBar

Women's vulnerable work fell from 88% to 65%, but still exceeds men's 54%

Vulnerable employment (own-account and contributing family workers), % of employment, 2000 and 2025, modelled ILO estimates

Source: ILO Modelled Estimates In: Women's vulnerable employment fell from 88% to 65% — but is still 11 points above men's

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HealthArea

Adolescent births in Bangladesh have more than halved since 2000

Births per 1,000 women aged 15–19, Bangladesh, 2000–2024 (modelled estimates)

Source: United Nations Population Division, World Population Prospects, via World Bank WDI In: Adolescent births in Bangladesh have more than halved since 2000, but 71 per 1,000 girls still give birth each year

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HealthLine

Bangladeshis gained seven years of life expectancy, then lost some in the pandemic

Life expectancy at birth, both sexes (years), WHO estimates, 2000–2023

Source: WHO Global Health Observatory, Life expectancy at birth In: Life expectancy in Bangladesh rose by seven years since 2000, but has not regained its 2019 peak

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EnergyBar

Nearly everyone has electricity; only 29% cook with clean fuels

Share of the population with access, per cent, 2010 and 2024

Source: Tracking SDG 7: The Energy Progress Report, via World Bank WDI In: Only 29% of Bangladeshis cook with clean fuels, even as electricity reaches 99.5%

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EducationLine

Girls have pulled steadily ahead of boys in finishing lower secondary — the gap is now 21 points

Lower-secondary completion rate, % of the relevant age group, by sex, 2000–2024

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, via World Bank WDI In: Bangladesh got its children into school — now it is losing its boys before they finish

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EconomyBar

Inflation has topped 8% for three years running, a first in the World Bank series since 1987

Consumer price inflation, annual %, Bangladesh, 2010–2025

Source: International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics, via World Bank WDI In: Bangladesh's inflation has stayed above 8% for three years running, peaking at 10.5% in 2024

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EducationBar

More children now finish school, but each step up still loses many

Completion and gross enrolment rates, per cent, 2010 and 2024 (gross rates can exceed 100% or reflect over-age pupils)

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, via World Bank WDI In: Bangladesh got its children into school — now it is losing its boys before they finish

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HealthLine

Nearly all Bangladeshi infants now get routine vaccines

Share of children aged 12–23 months immunized, %, 1990–2024

Source: WHO and UNICEF estimates of national immunization coverage, via World Bank WDI In: 97% of Bangladeshi infants are now protected against diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus

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HealthArea

Nearly every Bangladeshi child now gets the full DPT vaccine course

Children ages 12–23 months immunized against diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus (% of age group), 1985–2024

Source: World Health Organization In: 97% of Bangladeshi toddlers are fully immunized against DPT, up from 2% in 1985

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EducationBar

One in three boys of lower-secondary age is out of school, against one in eight girls

Adolescents of lower-secondary school age who are not in school, %, by sex, selected years

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, via World Bank WDI In: Bangladesh got its children into school — now it is losing its boys before they finish

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EducationBar

University enrolment has more than quadrupled since 2000

Gross tertiary enrolment ratio (% of the five-year age group after secondary school), 2000–2024

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, via World Bank WDI In: University enrolment has quadrupled since 2000, but only 24% of young people reach tertiary education

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EducationArea

Bangladesh has spent about 2% of GDP on education for a quarter of a century

General government expenditure on education, % of GDP, 1999–2024 (years with data)

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, via World Bank WDI In: Bangladesh still spends about 2% of GDP on education

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HealthArea

Childbirth has become far safer for Bangladeshi mothers

Maternal deaths per 100,000 live births (modelled estimate), 1990–2023

Source: WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank and UN DESA, Trends in Maternal Mortality, via World Bank WDI In: Childbirth has become far safer in Bangladesh — but four in ten births still happen without a skilled attendant

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EnergyArea

Each Bangladeshi uses almost four times the electricity of 2005, yet still only about 630 kWh a year

Electric power consumption, kWh per person, 1990–2024

Source: IEA Energy Statistics, via World Bank WDI In: Bangladesh's lights run on fossil fuels — and the gas that powered them is giving way to costlier coal and imports

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EconomyStacked area

Farming's share of jobs has risen again since 2019

Share of total employment by sector, %, 1991–2025 (modelled ILO estimates)

Source: International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT modelled estimates, via World Bank WDI In: Bangladesh's jobs are drifting back to the farm — and young women are the most shut out

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EnergyStacked area

Gas's share of Bangladesh's electricity has fallen from 92% to 65% as coal has risen to 20%

Share of electricity generation by fuel, %, 2000–2024 (the small remainder is hydro, solar and other sources)

Source: IEA Energy Statistics, via World Bank WDI In: Bangladesh's lights run on fossil fuels — and the gas that powered them is giving way to costlier coal and imports

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EconomyBar

Growth has slowed three years in a row

Real GDP growth (% a year), fiscal years 2000–2025

Source: World Bank and OECD national accounts, from Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, via World Bank WDI In: Bangladesh's growth has slowed to 3.5%, its weakest pace in a generation outside the pandemic

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EnergyLine

Imports now meet nearly half of Bangladesh's energy use, up from a fifth a decade ago

Net energy imports, % of energy use, 1990–2024 (years without data omitted)

Source: IEA Energy Statistics, via World Bank WDI In: Bangladesh's lights run on fossil fuels — and the gas that powered them is giving way to costlier coal and imports

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EconomyBar

One in five young women is neither studying nor working

Share of youth aged 15–24 not in education, employment or training, %, by sex, 2022–2024

Source: International Labour Organization, Labour Force Statistics, via World Bank WDI In: Bangladesh's jobs are drifting back to the farm — and young women are the most shut out

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EconomyArea

Remittances have rebounded to 7.4% of GDP, still below the 2012 peak

Personal remittances received, % of GDP, 2000–2025

Source: World Bank staff estimates, IMF balance of payments data and national accounts, via World Bank WDI In: Remittances are worth 7.4% of Bangladesh's GDP — rising again after a decade-long slide from 10.6%

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HealthBar

Six in ten births now have a skilled attendant

Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total), by survey year

Source: UNICEF State of the World's Children, from DHS and MICS surveys, via World Bank WDI In: Childbirth has become far safer in Bangladesh — but four in ten births still happen without a skilled attendant

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EconomyLine

Young men are far more likely than young women to be counted as unemployed

Unemployment rate, ages 15–24, % of labour force, by sex, 2000–2025 (modelled ILO estimates)

Source: International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT modelled estimates, via World Bank WDI In: Bangladesh's jobs are drifting back to the farm — and young women are the most shut out

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Social JusticeHorizontal bar

Bangladesh has the highest child marriage rate in South Asia

Women aged 20–24 first married before age 18, latest survey

Source: UNICEF global databases and DHS Program, via World Bank WDI In: Half of Bangladeshi women still marry as children

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Social JusticeLine

Child marriage is falling, but slowly

Share of women aged 20–24 who were first married or in union before age 18 and before age 15, by survey year

Source: UNICEF global databases and DHS Program, from BDHS and MICS surveys, via World Bank WDI In: Half of Bangladeshi women still marry as children

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HealthArea

Estimated cognitive loss as blood-lead concentration rises

Average IQ points lost relative to an unexposed child · modelled estimate

Source: DEP modelling based on pooled international dose–response studies In: Lead poisoning crisis threatens 35 million Bangladeshi children

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HealthBar

Share of children exceeding the WHO lead reference level, by district

% of tested children with blood-lead above 5 µg/dL · Bangladesh, 2024

Source: UNICEF, Pure Earth & IEDCR, Bangladesh childhood blood-lead survey In: Lead poisoning crisis threatens 35 million Bangladeshi children

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ClimateLine

Bangladesh breathes air far above every safety threshold

Mean annual exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), µg/m³, 2000–2023

Source: World Bank WDI In: Bangladesh's air is cutting years off its people's lives

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Social JusticeArea

Extreme poverty has fallen from half the population to about 6%

Share of people living on less than $3.00 a day (2021 prices), by survey year

Source: World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform, from BBS Household Income and Expenditure Surveys, via World Bank WDI In: Extreme poverty in Bangladesh has fallen from half the population to about 6%

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HealthBar

2023 was Bangladesh's worst dengue year on record

Dengue patients hospitalised per year, 2018–2024

Source: Directorate General of Health Services In: Dengue's record year — 2023 brought more cases than the previous 23 years combined

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HealthBar

Dengue deaths per year

Recorded dengue deaths, 2018–2024

Source: Directorate General of Health Services In: Dengue's record year — 2023 brought more cases than the previous 23 years combined

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Social JusticeLine

Inequality rose in the 1990s and has eased slightly since

Gini index of household consumption (0 = everyone equal, 100 = one person has everything), by survey year

Source: World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform, from BBS Household Income and Expenditure Surveys, via World Bank WDI In: Income inequality in Bangladesh rose in the 1990s and has eased only slightly since

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ClimateBar

Cyclone deaths by decade

Total recorded cyclone deaths in Bangladesh, 1960–2009 · logarithmic scale

Source: Haque et al., Bulletin of the World Health Organization 90 In: How Bangladesh cut cyclone deaths more than a hundredfold

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ClimateBar

Storms of similar strength, very different death tolls

Deaths from the four severe cyclones (223–250 km/h winds) recorded 1960–2009: 1970 Bhola 223 km/h, 1991 225 km/h, 1997 225 km/h, 2007 Sidr 250 km/h · logarithmic scale

Source: Haque et al., “Reduced death rates from cyclones in Bangladesh: what more needs to be done?”, Bulletin of the World Health Organization 90 In: How Bangladesh cut cyclone deaths more than a hundredfold

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Social JusticeLine

Twice as many men as women are in the labour force

Labour force participation rate, % of people aged 15+, by sex (modelled ILO estimates)

Source: International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT modelled estimates, via World Bank WDI In: Only about four in ten Bangladeshi women are in the labour force

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Social JusticeBar

Fewer children in hazardous work, but child labour has not fallen

Children aged 5–17, millions — National Child Labour Survey 2013 and 2022

Source: Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, National Child Labour Survey 2022 In: 1.78 million Bangladeshi children are in child labour — about as many as a decade ago

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Social JusticeBar

More births are registered, but over 4 in 10 children still lack one

Completeness of birth registration, % of children under 5, household survey estimates

Source: UNICEF and BBS Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys and Demographic and Health Surveys, via World Bank WDI In: More than four in ten young children in Bangladesh have no birth registration

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Social JusticeBar

Bangladesh hosts more than a million refugees

Refugees under UNHCR's mandate living in Bangladesh, end of year

Source: UNHCR, via World Bank WDI In: Bangladesh now hosts more than a million refugees

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ClimateHorizontal bar

The average Bangladeshi emits a fraction of the world average

CO₂ emissions per person, tonnes, 2024 (excluding land use)

Source: EDGAR / Joint Research Centre, via World Bank WDI In: The average Bangladeshi emits about 0.7 tonnes of CO₂ a year — a sixth of the world average

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ClimateArea

Bangladesh's greenhouse gas emissions have tripled since 1990

Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding land use, million tonnes of CO₂-equivalent

Source: EDGAR / Joint Research Centre, via World Bank WDI In: Bangladesh's greenhouse gas emissions have tripled since 1990

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EnergyArea

Renewables' share of Bangladesh's energy has fallen by two-thirds

Renewable energy, % of total final energy consumption (mostly traditional biomass such as wood and dung)

Source: IEA, IRENA, UN Statistics Division, World Bank and WHO In: Renewables' share of Bangladesh's energy has fallen from 72% to 25%

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ClimateBar

About one in twelve Bangladeshis lives less than 5 metres above sea level

Share of the population living where land elevation is below 5 metres

Source: CIESIN In: More than 13 million Bangladeshis live less than 5 metres above sea level

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ClimateLine

Only about 14% of Bangladesh is forest

Forest area, % of land area

Source: FAO Global Forest Resources Assessment, via World Bank WDI In: Only 14% of Bangladesh's land is forest — and it is still shrinking

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HealthLine

Child stunting has fallen by more than half since the 1990s

Share of children under 5 who are too short for their age (stunted), by survey year

Source: UNICEF, WHO and World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates, from BDHS and MICS surveys, via World Bank WDI In: Child stunting in Bangladesh has fallen from 60% to 24%

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HealthLine

Recorded suicide rates have fallen, but the data are thin

Suicide mortality rate, deaths per 100,000 people (WHO estimates)

Source: WHO Global Health Estimates, via World Bank WDI In: Bangladesh's estimated suicide rate has fallen, but mental health care barely exists

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HealthHorizontal bar

TB Incidence by Division

Cases per 100,000 population, 2024

Source: National TB Control Program In: TB prevalence reveals stark geographic disparities in Bangladesh

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EnergyArea

Bangladesh reached near-universal electricity access

Share of the population with access to electricity, 2000–2024

Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators In: Bangladesh reached near-universal access to electricity

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HealthLine

Under-five mortality has fallen by four-fifths since 1990

Deaths before age five per 1,000 live births, 1990–2024

Source: UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation In: Under-five mortality in Bangladesh has fallen by nearly two-thirds since 2000

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EconomyArea

Rice yields have more than doubled since 1990

Average rice (paddy) yield, tonnes per hectare, 1990–2024

Source: FAO, FAOSTAT crops and livestock products, via Our World in Data In: Rice yields per hectare have more than doubled since 1990

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EducationLine

Girls overtook boys in secondary school — and the gap has widened

Gross secondary school enrolment ratio by sex, 1998–2024 (no data for 2014)

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, via World Bank WDI In: Girls now outnumber boys in Bangladesh's secondary schools

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EconomyArea

More than half of Bangladeshis now use the internet

Individuals using the internet, % of population, 2005–2024

Source: International Telecommunication Union In: More than half of Bangladeshis now use the internet

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HealthHorizontal bar

Bangladeshi households pay a larger share of health costs than anyone else in South Asia

Out-of-pocket spending as a share of current health expenditure, 2022

Source: WHO Global Health Expenditure Database, via World Bank WDI In: Bangladeshi households pay nearly four-fifths of the country's health bill out of pocket

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HealthBar

Fewer people drink arsenic-contaminated water — but progress at the national limit has stalled

People drinking water above each arsenic threshold, millions

Source: BBS & UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys In: Over 27 million Bangladeshis still drink water with arsenic above the WHO guideline

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OtherLine

Full immunization rose from 2% to 84%

Share of children aged 12–23 months who received all basic vaccines

Source: Bangladesh EPI Coverage Evaluation Surveys

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OtherLine

India has overtaken Bangladesh on safe drinking water, while Bangladesh's coverage has barely moved since 2000

People using safely managed drinking water services, % of population, 2000–2024

Source: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme, via World Bank WDI

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OtherLine

Power lost on the way to users has fallen to 8%, but it has crept up since 2022

Electric power transmission and distribution losses, % of output, Bangladesh, 2000–2024

Source: International Energy Agency, Energy Statistics, via World Bank WDI